Philosophical conceptions of cultural space in Russia and Japan: comparing Nishida Κitaro - and Semen Frank
Contemporary discussions on the 'new world order', at the moment they ground their arguments on 'cultural' elements, on the other hand, can easily shift towards a Huntington-style cultural essentialism. Ιn Natίon and Narratίon Bhabha (1990) argues against this tendency to essentialize Third World countries into a homogenous identity. At the moment, a world order is no longer established 'artificially', -that is, with the help of valid polίtίcal ideas. Cultural components are called for in order to establish an 'organic' order by creating coalitions between cultures in an almost 'natural' way. Such ideas accord with historical ideas of Nishida or of Eurasianism only as long as we take a superficial look. The present paper was supposed to show that these Japanese and Russian philosophies developed concepts of space through which cultural communities appear as more than merely organic, self-enclosed units. These philosophies constantly confront the contemporary reader with a paradoxical conceptual linking of openness and closedness, of self-awareness and awareness of the other, of reality and transcendence. Ιn this way, they manage to overcome both particularism and universalism.